英语语法 | 3.名词性从句
英语语法 | 3.名词性从句
Prong名词性从句
名词能充当什么成分
- 主语
- The movie looks fantastic/terrific.
- 宾语
- I admire/appreciate his mother.
- 表语
- Gump is a man.
- 同位语（用来解释名词的部分）
- I enjoy the part, the beginning.
- I, a boy, like Eason, a famous/well-known singer from Hong Kong.
只要在作文中见到名词，都可以有意识地在它后面加个同位语，对该名词进行解释说明。
Persistence, an active mentality, plays a critical role in the glories of all children and adults.
同位语的成分
- 名词
- 代词
- 非谓语动词
- I enjoy sports, running. 此处running非谓语动词作同位语
- 从句
什么是名词性从句
- 主语从句
- 从句充当主语
- What I saw looks terrific.
- 宾语从句
- 从句充当宾语
- I admire what she said.
- 表语从句
- 从句充当表语
- Gump is who we should learn from.
- 同位语从句
- 从句充当同位语
- I enjoy the part that a bird is flying in the sky.
名词性从句的引导词
以主语从句为例
他已经离婚了，是我的错
(He has got divorced) is my fault.
她已经离婚了吗是显而易见的
Has she got divorced is obvious.
他会和谁结婚呢是一个秘密。
Who will he marry is a secret.
句子不能做主语，需要加词构成从句，例如第三句的Who
修改方法：
第一句
That He has got divorced is my fault.
第二句
Whether she has got divorced is obvious.
第三句
Who he will marry is a secret.
从句不是因为不缺成分所以可以加引导词，而是因为加了引导词才不缺成分
名词性从句的引导词按照从句类型分类
| 类型 | 引导词 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 陈述句 | that | that在从句中不充当任何成分，无含义 |
| 疑问句 | whether | whether在从句中不充当任何成分，含义为是否，一般疑问句改为陈述句 |
| 特殊疑问句 | what, who巴拉巴拉 | 把疑问结构改为陈述句 |
英语中所有从句一定是陈述句，引导词+主语+谓语
练习
主语从句
女人总是对的是一个常识
本句主句是陈述句，引导词用that
That women tend to be right remains common knowledge.
宾语从句
我正在思考外星人存在吗？
主句是疑问句，引导词用whether
I am wondering whether aliens exist.
我的意思是：孝敬父母是中华民族传统美德
My meaning seems that supporting the elderly remains a Chinese conventional virtue.
有一天你会发现事业、亲情、友情都比爱情重要。
Someday, one will perceive that career, kindship and friendship prove more indispensable than romance.
正规语境下，不特指可以把you写成one
同位语从句
我通过考试的消息是真的
The news that I have passed the exam is true.
表语从句
关键是你什么时候有钱呢
The point is when wealth will become available for you.
考点分析
写作
名词性从句：
- 同位语从句
- 主语从句
- 宾语从句
- 表语从句
满分句型：
- 主语从句
- 同位语从句
主语从句
That women tend to be right remains common knowledge.
把主语从句放到后面，加it做形式主语
It keeps common knowledge that women tend to be right.
满分句型：
- It… that…
- 显而易见，众所周知
- It is apparent that …
- It looks beyond dispute that …
- It has been widely accepted that…
- It is universally acknowledged that …
- 我认为
- It keeps my argument that
主语从句的满分句型可以写在作文中任何一句话的前面，用来拉长句子。
显而易见，关于养宠物keep a pet（或者勤奋diligence）这个话题已经引起广泛关注。
It looks beyond dispute the issue about diligence has been brought into the limelight（聚光灯、焦点）.
同位语从句
他已经找到了一个女朋友，这件事情使他的家人很开心。
The matter that he managed to find a girlfriend makes his superiors rejoiced.
事情的表达：
- thing
- issue
- matter
- affair
manage to do设法做到了某事
同位语从句既可以放在它所解释的名词后，也可以放到整句话的后面。
没有什么可以掩盖他正在变老的事实。
Nothing can hide the truth that he is getting old.
河南人都是骗子这种想法是不正确的。
The outlook proves wrong that private individuals(相当于people) in Henan seem all deceivers.
观点：
- argument
- outlook
孩子不应该被溺爱这个事实表明温室里的花朵不能禁受风雨
The evidence that flowers in the greenhouse fail to undergo storms indicates that kids should by no means be spoiled by their senior citizens.
长难句分析
目的：能够识别各种名词性从句，并且把他们翻译出来。
- 如何识别主语从句？
- 只要见到有引导词放在句首，从句后没有被逗号隔开，一定是主语从句。
- 主语从句从名词后（或者说句首）开始，到谓语之前结束。
- 除此以外，见到
It...that...通常都是主语从句，主语从句从that后开始。
例如：That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute.
例如：[ Whether the Goverment should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa ] often depends on the issue of which is seen as the the driving force.
政府应该以技术为代价增加对纯科学的投资，还是以纯科学为代价增加对技术的投入，经常取决于哪一个被看作驱动力的问题。
- 如何识别宾语从句？
- 只要实义动词后面有引导词，就暂定为宾语从句（不排除状语从句的可能性）。
She said (that) she would marry an old rich man.
I wonder if I can pass the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination smoothly.
宾语从句中的是否if只能引导宾语从句，whether则都可以引导。
This alone demonstrates that the television bussiness is not an easy world to suivive in. A fact underlined by statistics shows that [ out of eighty European television networks ] no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
主语之后一定是状语。
out of的四大考点
- +心理的名词，出于/发自
- +数字，在…之中
- +地点，从/在
- +其他名词，没有
He believes that this very diffculty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.
You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.
本句是it做形式宾语，三个that引导并列的三个宾语从句。
你听过这些事情被重复：科学家们通过演绎和推理，并且通过这些操作的帮助，他们成功从中提炼出一些自然法则，并且通过一些他们自己特殊的技巧，他们建立起了自己的理论。
- 如何识别表语从句
- 系动词的后面有引导词，就是表语从句
A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them.
这是一个how引导的表语从句。
Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.
Women are much too preoccupied by family. Once the marrige begins to disintegrate, they are lost. That is where their unhappiness spring from and that is why most divorced mothers regard themselves as victims.
- 如何识别同位语从句
