英语语法| 2. 并列句
英语语法| 2. 并列句
Prong并列句
什么是并列句
用连词连接两个句子
I love you, you love the dog.(错误)
逗号不能连接两个句子
解决方法
-
独立主格
I loving you, you love the dog.
Loving you love the dog. -
加连词,并列句
I love you but you love the dog. -
从句
Although I love you, you love the dog. (让步状语从句)
常见的并列连词
- 平行关系
and, not only…but also…,
PS: as well as是介词短语不是连词
-
转折关系
but, yet, while, whereas -
选择关系
or, whether…or… -
因果关系
for, so, because(不是纯连词)
PS: because还可以当原因状语从句引导词
- 递进关系
then
逻辑关系词(副词和介词短语)
-
平行(and)
similarly, equally, likewise, at the same time, in the meanwhile -
转折(but)
however, nevertheless, on the contrary, by contrast, conversely, unexpectedly, unfortunately -
选择(or)
alternatively -
因果
therefore, thus, consequently, as a result -
递进()
besides, furthermore, moreover, additionally, subsequently, in addition
并列句考点分析
写作
这个男人很有钱,我决定嫁给他。
The man is rich. I decide to marry him.
语法没问题,但是逻辑关系有问题。这两个简单句之间没有逻辑关系
“The man is rich so I decide to marry him.”
之要上下文的句子之间有逻辑关系,就一定要用逻辑关系词(连词、副词、介词和介词短语)
枯藤老师昏鸦,小桥流水人家
爱情已经不在了,他还在留恋过去
“Romance has evaporated, but he still misses the past.”
已经 曾经 用现在完成时
连词可以连接两个句子,连词连接时,可以有逗号也可以没有
高级写法
Romance has evaporated. On the contrary, he still misses the past.
介词短语或副词不能连接两个句子,因此不能有逗号,因此把逗号改成句号,用介词短语或副词表示后一句和前一句存在逻辑关系。
Romance has evaporated, and on the contrary he still misses the past.
另一种办法是加and,由于and做连词自身没有含义,用and连接两句话
连词的前面有无逗号均可,而其他的逻辑关系词前面要么用句号,要么加连词and
有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎
There are (remains) a sea of/an army of friends(companies) coming from the distance/afar, and consequently I feel more than delighted.
都说我如水百变,可知我清澈不变
I am said(claimed) changeable like water. By contrast, my clarity keeps the same(consistency).
你还记得那天吗?我没有通过四级考试,一个人在雨中哭泣。你走了过来,拍拍我的肩膀,告诉我人生没有终点。
Do you still keep that day in mind? I failed to pass the CET 4, and as a result I shed tears in the rain alone. At the same time, you came up to me, and subsequently you beat my shoulder and told me “there exists no destination in life”.
完形填空
逻辑关系题长期大量出现
我喜欢蔡徐坤,因为她很美丽。(因果关系)____我喜欢蔡虚坤
只需要读懂逻辑关系词前后两句话的意思就可以了
完形填空的长难句、单词都是最简单的长难句和单词,看不懂就赶紧背单词
读文章中心,各段首句、首段、尾段,来了解文章中心,四个选项和文章中心靠的最近的肯定是正确答案
长难句分析
第一课中长难句分析第一步:找主句的谓语动词
I was beaten and you.
并列句的长难句分析
分析长难句第二步:找并列连词。只要见到有并列连词的出现,通常都需要省略。但是连词在连接两个单词时,就当这个连词没看见。
我爱蔡徐坤和蔡虚坤
如何查找省略的内容?
- 一句话只要有省略,就一定省略在连词后,连词前不可能有省略
- 连词后面有的成分,连词前面通常都要有。如果连词后只有一个成分,连词前一定能找到它的对应成分;如果连词后有多个成分,连词前不一定都能找到他们的对应成分,但至少有一个。
- 连词前面有而连词后面没有的成分,就是省略的内容
I was beaten and you were beaten.
例一: Under modern conditions, (this) 主语 requires 谓语 (varying measures) 宾语 (of centralized control) 定语 and hence
(this requires)省略的部分
the (help) 宾语 (of specialized scientists) 定语 such as economists and operational research experts.
找主句谓语动词:requires
本句是主谓宾结构
找到连词and,第一个and是连接两个句子,第二个and 连接两个名词因此就当没看见
specialized in
擅长于
翻译:目前,这需要中央控制的各种措施,所以(需要)专家的帮助,例如经济学家和操作研究专家
例二: (The data) 主语 suggest 谓语, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated (well by their parents) 状语,
more likely to be
sought out (as friends) 状语, and pursued (romantically) 状语.
be likely to do 可能做某事
suggest前面无引导词,是主句谓语动词。are前面有that, 是从句的谓语动词。这是一个宾语从句。and并列了三个句子。并列多个句子时,and加在最后那一句前面就可以
试翻译:数据表明,颜值高的人,更容易受到父母的宠爱,寻找作为朋友,和浪漫的追求
动词加ed:
- 可能是动词过去时态
- 可能是非谓语动词,表示被动
副词只做状语, romantically
实义动词后面跟一坨东西,一定是状语
试翻译:数据表明,颜值高的人,更容易受到父母的宠爱,更容易交到朋友,更容易受到他人的追求
例三: There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts (peculiar to historical work in general) or to the research techniques (appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry).
试翻译:
- 找主句谓语动词
refers
- 找连词
whether...or...
找谓语动词,显然是is;这是个there be句型;再找连词,这里的连词是whether…or ;固定搭配:【refers to】指的是
翻译一下:人们没有达成一致:方法论指的是一般历史工作中特有的概念还是对于适合历史方法的各种分支的研究方法。inquiry询问这里翻译成方法。
or后边是【介词+n.+定语】appropriate to the…是定语;or前边是【介词+n.+定语】the concept是名词,peculiar to…是定语;所以省略的是refers。
标准翻译: 所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念,还是指历史探究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段,人们对此意见不一。
refer to 指的是
methodology方法论
易混
peculiar 古怪的奇怪的
=weird
=odd
peculiar to 某某特有的/专属的
specific
=concrete 具体
special
particular(ly)
=such as
例4: Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems
will continue to be rejected
.
直到我们解决了这些问题,行为技术将继续遭到拒绝,并且和它一起很可能的解决我们问题的唯一方式(也会继续遭到拒绝)。
代词指代题的做题方法:
就近原则和一致原则
- 跟谁近就可能指谁
- 意思上要一致
直到我们解决了这些问题,行为技术将继续遭到拒绝,并且和行为技术一起,很可能的是解决我们问题的唯一方法,也将继续遭到拒绝
例五: Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes for pictures or music was not only a loss of happiness, but also might possibly be injurious to the intellect and more probably
be injurious
to the moral character.
例六: As families move away from [their stable community, their friends of many years and their extended family relationships], the informal flow (of information) is cut off, and with it the confidence (that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable) is cut off.
此处is不是谓语,谓语是is cut off
,is在此处帮cut off 构成被动